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A brief overall summary or description of what training and development looks like at ReFrame, why it’s valuable, and why the page visitor should care about it. You can get into the details in the sections below.
A brief overall summary or description of what training and development looks like at ReFrame, why it’s valuable, and why the page visitor should care about it. You can get into the details in the sections below.
The pandemic was a global trauma that left many of us oscillating between fight, flight, freeze, fawn, and other grief responses. Almost five years later, many of us are trapped in this frenetic energy, jumping from one response to another, and our bodyminds are paying the price. Not only are we navigating what we have lost, but many of us are mourning what could have been. Grief has become a pervasive thread woven into every aspect of our lives, showing up in deeply visceral ways that shape how we move through the world.
Let’s take a moment to name it: We’ve lived through the pandemic as a mass disabling event, the ongoing violence of prison and military-industrial complexes, mass shootings in our schools and shopping malls, corporate price gouging, the fracturing of media and genocide streaming in 4K like a dystopian blockbuster. Then came the 2024 presidential election — a prequel to what looks like the sequel no one asked for: another Trump presidency, complete with rising authoritarianism. If it feels like we’re being pummeled into another collective grief spiral, that’s because we are. And yet, here we are — trying to figure out how to grieve, resist and rebuild all at once.
Grief isn’t just personal — it’s political. Acknowledging it is the foundation for turning our politics into praxis and building long-term organizing and narrative strategies that push back against systemic oppression. By rejecting the isolation of mourning, we can confront our collective grief through communal practices that deepen our connections, fortify our resilience, and deflect the tendencies of atomization and elitism that plague our movements so that we can fight back. The pandemic’s devastation, the echoes of historic violence fueling today’s genocides, and the relentless assaults on marginalized communities all stem from the same thread of systemic oppression. Recognizing these intersections reframes our grief as not just a reaction but a call to action — one that demands solidarity and collective power to change our trajectory.
As MediaJustice titan and current ReFrame board member Malkia Devich-Cyril reminds us, “Grief can be a landscape for liberation; it’s a terrain for transformation.” Acknowledging grief, understanding its interconnectedness with systemic oppression, and working together to transform grief into a framework for resistance are essential for fostering solidarity and resilience in our movements. Grief is not merely an emotional response but a shared experience shaped by historical injustices. Collective grief is often overlooked in social and political movements, avoided mainly for the sake of “getting the work done.” But as the adage goes, “Mourn the dead, fight like hell for the living.” It’s time to sharpen our oyster knives and be a menace to our enemies.
Although story trends change, the narratives that undergird them are enduring, lasting decades and spanning generations. Because story trends are enduring and repeated, they are also our entry point into shifting narratives. Here, we can chart our strategy and see where our openings and opportunities lie. We hope you find inspiration to strategize, organize and communicate more powerfully, with renewal and sustainability for the long haul. As you read, we invite you to remember and reflect on grief beyond the individual experience into a collective endeavor.
Narrative predictions are crucial for understanding the evolving landscape of public discourse and sentiment. By analyzing current trends and projecting future ones, we can identify opportunities to shape narratives and outcomes that align with our values and visions. Narrative predictions provide the strategic foresight needed to be more proactive and realistic as we navigate permacrisis. Our predictions and insights serve as a guiding light, empowering you to build narrative power to pursue freedom, liberation and justice. Sign up here if you want to join us this year for more narrative research and updates on our predictions and upcoming trainings and other offerings to social movement leaders, organizations and networks.
ReFrame’s annual predictions are not a messaging guide, but you can tailor our research and recommendations to fit your organization’s mission, vision and values. It can also inform campaigns, organizing, communications and funding strategies. Like all of ReFrame’s narrative research, predictions provide a 50,000-foot view of the narratives, values and beliefs in the media ecosystem that inform our organizing, political and material conditions. Narrative is a process and not a product. If we try to influence common sense, we must crack open space so that new meaning can fuel the breakdown of trust in some narratives while establishing confidence and hope in others.
ReFrame’s predictions are rooted in research and analysis and our experiences as organizers, cultural workers, policy wonks, narrative strategists, and practitioners. This year's report uses data visualizations and charts that represent the volume of conversations over time and are critical to our overall narrative analysis. Our methodology page explains how to interact with these visuals and their data sources. Please reach out to us at hello@thisisreframe.com if you have questions, feedback or thoughts on this report.
Informed by our Narrative Predictions from 2022, 2023 and 2024, we landed on key narrative fronts, or broad areas that serve as the backdrop to narrative battles. They are the points of contention where multiple factions compete for the power to make meaning at scale and to govern our lives based on their values and worldviews. Narrative fronts include democracy and governance, economy and labor, gender and the body, and climate, with immigration, art, media and technology related to these four fronts. Understanding that the distinct narrative fronts have proven crucial for navigating the complex narrative ecosystem. Each front represents a battleground where narratives shape our beliefs and actions, influencing policy and impacting material conditions. The interplay of these narrative fronts emphasizes just how interconnected our struggles truly are. By engaging with these intersections, we can develop holistic strategies that address immediate concerns and contribute to long-term systemic change, creating a foundation for a healthier, more just society for everyone.
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Discussions about governance and democracy influence everything — Americans’ hopes and worldviews, the economy, pop culture, body politics, people’s relationship to democracy and freedom, and distrust toward government entities and institutions. The narrative landscape during the 2024 election cycle gave us glimpses into how people discuss voting in a system rigged against them. Stories like the Sixers arena approval in Philadelphia highlight how policy decisions often become proxies for more extensive conversations about power, representation and public accountability. These debates underscore the growing tension between corporate oligarchy and the public’s role in shaping their communities, raising questions about whether democracy serves all or only a select few. As the Republican party cozies up to the new reality of their political trifecta, Democrats are being pulled apart by intraparty conflicts that are likely to influence defining narratives about party politics and partisanship that will continue for the next few years. Narratives about democracy and governance influence trending stories and messages about the economy, safety and security, geopolitics, gender and racial justice, and the culture wars. In 2025, democracy and governance narratives will continue to intersect with stories about the economy, especially as they relate to the cost of living, taxes and tariffs. Social safety net programs may take center stage if they are on the chopping block because of austerity measures branded as prosperity, preventing fraud and cutting wasteful spending (think DOGE).
Governance narratives will influence trending stories, messages and content about the rule of law. As the Biden administration previewed, elected officials from both parties will leverage bipartisan law and order narratives against dissent and organized resistance by nonprofit organizations, students at school campuses, and grassroots and autonomous actors. In conversations about building power in movement organizations, expect heightened critiques and scrutiny of strategies deemed “too radical” as the state’s response to potential financial repercussions. The playing field will remain uneven as we contend with and for governing power. We will need to strengthen our resiliency practices to avoid becoming disillusioned by loss and spiraling into despair.
Narratives operating in conversations related to democracy and governance include:
Thanks to climate displacement, political turmoil and economic instability, immigration within the Americas, Europe and Africa has intensified. With it, so have global anti-migrant narratives that label refugees as destabilizers. As migration grows across the hemisphere, these frames risk justifying punitive measures such as expanded deportations, border militarization and detention policies while suppressing regional sanctuary efforts and mutual aid networks that provide care. During the 2024 election cycle, xenophobic depictions of immigrants as threats clashed with tensions about resource allocations. These stories, messages and conversations will continue as the new administration ramps up its antagonistic, anti-immigrant policies and threats of mass deportations. Both Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris touted their economic policies as king. But Trump’s campaign doubled down on blame game discourse, targeting immigrant communities as the reason why Americans were struggling to make ends meet. However, popular post-election content and conversations indicated how desperate people are to have policymakers who care address their material needs.
While there are many opportunities to shore up narrative strategies to counter anti-immigrant culture war fights, the threats that nationalism and xenophobia pose will require movement organizations to seriously combine abolition, good governance and safety narratives into this fight. Unprecedented times call for drastic measures. There will be an abundance of calls for cities and municipalities to protect immigrants, either through strengthening existing sanctuary city protections or enacting new policies to ensure that new communities can access the resources and services they need to live their lives. We will also see more direct mutual aid and resistance against deportations across autonomous collectives, grassroots formations, organizations and communities of faith.
Narratives operating in conversations related to immigration and governance include:
The media is the fourth estate of democracy, but it’s hard to tell these days. Corporate acquisitions and polarization of media institutions have resulted in an erosion of public trust and the loss of objectivity across newsrooms, which hinders a healthy democracy. Concerns about media literacy will accelerate thanks to the continued (forced) adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) as a catch-all solution while also gutting organizations and institutions responsible for meaning-making. However, the corporatization of government, namely with the appointments of technocrats and technofascists, poses a risk, accelerating the use of AI to advance an oligarchic style of governance. The rapid evolution of AI will further exacerbate the crisis of truth and challenge how we make meaning. With a potential TikTok ban on the horizon, a lack of centralized news sources and the dissociative nature of the ways we consume media, we can expect an increase in conversations about algorithmic and narrative manipulation, corporate monopolization and distrust in legacy media. The fracturing of media and the continued rise of digital newsletters will be elevated over platforms and their algorithms as a means for independent free expression.
Business elites and corporations have figured out how to brand their visions for the future while sidestepping the quiet grumblings of a class war. The brand is strong too. Through their version of a neoliberal rainbow coalition, business elites have been able to harness the attention economy, deploying celebrities, social media influencers and legacy media outlets that uplift their narratives and defend corporate interests. These visions rely on identity reductionism and the deradicalization of movement concepts to sell ideas of belonging to consumers. These visions and branding will be at odds with our political and material conditions under a Trump presidency.
Narratives operating in conversations related to democracy and governance include:
Without formalized solutions for working-class people to ease their economic grief, many continue to grieve the loss of pre-pandemic purchasing power and record-low interest rates. This means blame game story trends from pre- and post-election will continue to take shape, pointing the finger at entire groups (identities, communities, political parties, etc.) for the ongoing cost-of-living crisis and everyday economic issues, including food, gas and rent. Republicans, in their crusade to censure their colleagues across the aisle, will point the finger at the Biden administration for any economic downturns that are a result of Trump’s new and drastic economic policies that allow for inflation. This finger-pointing will overshadow the reality of the impacts of corporate price gouging and high tariffs on the pockets of hardworking people across the United States. Despite all of this, organized labor strikes and cross-sector unionizing efforts will continue in earnest, whether big labor unions, gig workers or autonomous grassroots actors lead them.
Trump’s incoming administration will inspire a new era of worsening economic conditions. This will result in an upward trend in crowdfunding for classroom supplies, eviction prevention, safety funds for trans people and immigrant families, and emergency funds for survivors of genocide, to name a few. There will also be a resurgence in hybrid, remote, and in-person work conversations as CEOs decide to take a monkey see, monkey do approach, following the Trump administration’s mandate to get workers back to cubicle cities for a full week at the office. Still, there are opportunities to build governance infrastructure and scale mutual aid in the face of institutional collapse and times of crisis.
Narratives operating in these stories, messages and popular content include:
Queer and trans people cannot be legislated out of existence. Regardless, the opposition is using every rule in the book to make it a reality. Identity reductionism and the conservative backlash will play a significant role in the narrative ecosystem, touching everything from media and memes to pop culture, influencing what social justice and movement organizations decide to take on in an increasingly antagonistic political climate (ex. “Can we say ‘trans’?”). Story trends about marriage and divorce, nontraditional relationship styles at odds with traditional gender roles, bodily autonomy and family planning, and the definition of “family” will also play a prominent role in policy, pop culture and interpersonal debates. Given the discourse around the 4B movement, we expect trans exclusionary radical feminists (TERFs) and other homophobic and transphobic purists to leverage gender essentialism and scarcity narratives to pull cisgender women away from solidarity and allyship.
Predictions from years past on “post-pandemic” eugenics and harmful beauty politics are at play with the embracing of 1990s-era beauty standards as more people across the gender spectrum opt for skinny, soft aesthetics. These beauty standards will touch public health concerning medication abuse, harm reduction, and the supply and demand of weight loss drugs as well as economic tariffs (affordability), government mistrust (safety and harm) and climate-caused food shortages (availability and accessibility).
Total mentions of TLGBQ and reproductive justice conversations from July 1 to Dec. 1, 2024 | Powered by Zignal Labs
Examples of narratives operating in this space include:
After years of concentrated and worsening climate catastrophe, public health and safety concerns and people’s anxieties about the climate are harder to separate. With the existential threat of climate collapse across the globe and newly elected and emboldened officials at the executive and legislative branches of government who wholly deny the climate crisis, the narrative battle will be more pronounced. This will likely result in an amplification of climate change denialism and disaster capitalism in contestation with mutuality and community care as disaster response beyond borders.
The looming threat of a massive health crisis related to unsustainable agricultural practices that impact the climate provides opportunities to move progressive, solutions-based messages and narratives further. Whether it’s bird flu or other communicable, preventable diseases, we can assuage fear by elevating new ideas, beliefs and values about how society should be organized, an opportunity that we had (and missed) in the early days of the (ongoing) COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we will undoubtedly see the U.S. government roll back environmental policies that seek to slow down or de-escalate human-caused climate disasters.
Total mentions of conversations about the climate from July 1 to Dec. 1, 2024 | Powered by Zignal Labs
Examples of narratives operating in this space include:
Every year, we offer a set of openings and risks with our narrative predictions. While influential stories, messages and influencers may change from year to year, many dominant and competing narratives are enduring. Thus, our work of narrative change and power-building must also be enduring. Openings and risks do not contain specific message guidance. Instead, they contain broad narrative guideposts that can inform content, audience and platform development as you assess your narrative strategy. Always remember to make them actionable and tailor these guideposts to your base, audience and goals.
At ReFrame, we conduct narrative research on established, emerging, dominant and trending narratives that are circulating widely as well as inside specific networks. We also track narrative voids, places where there is an absence of coherent stories that add up to a clear narrative. Our research tracks volume and velocity trends, conversational patterns, stories, content and messages, and network influencers across time, platforms and channels. We meticulously dissect content (news articles, social media content, websites, broadcast news and entertainment, podcasts, online forums, and more) to identify embedded messages; story and character archetypes; and their underlying ideas, values and beliefs. ReFrame conducts narrative research in partnership with other leaders and organizations, refining our research and content analysis through bidirectional learning loops.
For this report, we used a combination of Zignal Labs data, analysis of surveys distributed to 2023 ReFrame Academy participants, and detailed on- and offline analysis of keywords and conversations. We examined conversation trends, volume and velocity, with a focus on English and Spanish-language and United States-based content distributed over a two-year period. Our general research window was from June through December 2024, though at times we looked back further to understand how stories and narratives shifted over a longer period of time.
There are several kinds of charts in this report that represent the volume of conversations over time. The data visualized is static and does not update in real time. These charts are time-bound snapshots of data compiled from single keywords, curated keyword sets and/or issue filters. This data supports interpreting, comparing and forecasting how conversations, and the narratives that undergird them, move over time.
Charts with a white background are not interactive. They show the volume trajectory of topics and conversations and help us compare their volume and velocity to one another. These charts pull from a broad set of data sources across the digital landscape, including X (formerly known as Twitter), Meta applications, TikTok, Reddit, broadcast and news media, public Telegram channels and more.
Some terms to know:
ReFrame uses Zignal Labs, alongside other big listening tools and methods, to support our narrative research. The charts in this report represent data parameters that ReFrame’s narrative research team built within this tool.
AUDIENCE
An audience is a group of people who are intended to receive a message or are the targeted recipients of a particular message, story or content type. Audiences vary in size, demographics, values, interests and other characteristics. Base audiences share our values, yet we must actively engage them. Persuadable audiences can be swayed in multiple directions, and they are activated by compelling messaging that aligns with their often competing values. Opposition audiences disagree with us completely; we aim to inoculate against and counter their narratives with a compelling vision. Audience identification is a key part of any organizing and communications strategy.
DISINFORMATION
Disinformation is deliberately false or misleading information that is often spread for political gain; for profit; or to discredit an individual, group, movement, political party or foreign government.
INFLUENCERS
Influencers are individuals in the narrative ecosystem who shape conversations on- and offline. Some may have public name recognition or large follower counts. They are individuals who are seen as trustworthy representatives of their community, with a robust offline network to match their online presence.
MISINFORMATION
Misinformation is false or unintentionally inaccurate information that is spread unknowingly.
MOOD
Mood refers to the emotional response an author wishes to evoke in their audience. Emotional responses allow audiences to connect with a story, making it meaningful and memorable.
NARRATIVE
A narrative is a collection or system of related stories that are articulated and refined over time to represent a central idea or belief. (Narrative Initiative)
NETWORK
Networks are a way of describing and visualizing social relationships. They describe how different people are connected, how strong their ties are and how different networks are connected to each other. Networks are not just how people are connected online — they include offline relationships and connections that bridge people together in real life.
PREBUNKING
Prebunking is the act of preemptively refuting expected false narratives, misinformation and disinformation. As opposed to fact-checking, prebunking inoculates the public against anticipated falsehoods in advance. (Poynter)
TONE
Tone refers to an author’s attitude toward a story, its subject matter or its audience. An author’s tone may reflect their personal attitude or opinion about a story.
VALUES
Values are commonly held beliefs. They are not always partisan. Values can inform ideology and narrative and vice versa.
ReFrame Builds Narrative Power to Win.
We invest in people — strategists, creatives, leaders, and dreamers — developing the skills, acumen, and networks we need to advance just narratives at scale.
We use powerful technology to understand narratives across society in real time, gain strategic insight, and forecast arising opportunities to advance just narratives.
We develop strategies, curate stories and mobilize networks to advance narratives that light the way to justice, liberation, healing and freedom for all people and the Earth.
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